MAN sezione 5 - Torna all'indice
MAN PAGE: DIR_COLORS(5)Contents
dir_colors - configuration file for dircolors(1)
The dir_colors file contains configuration information for
the dircolors(1) program, which in turn provides color
information for ls(1). This file is normally found in
/etc, though users may maintain their own local copies in
their home directories as .dir_colors.
The configuration file consists of several statements, one
per line. Anything right of a hash mark (hash mark is at
the beginning of a line or is preceded by at least one
whitespace. Blank lines are ignored.
The global section of the file consists of any statement
before the first TERM statement. Any statement in the
global section of the file is considered valid for all
terminal types Following the global section is one or
more terminal-specific sections, which are preceded by one
or more TERM statements which specify the terminal types
(as given by the TERM environment variable) the following
declarations apply for. It is always possible to override
a global declaration by a subsequent terminal-specific
one.
The following statements are recognized, case is insignif
icant:
TERM terminal-type
Starts a terminal-specific section and specifies
which terminal it applies to. Multiple TERM state
ments can be used to create a section which applies
for several terminal types.
COLOR yes|all|no|none|tty
Specifies that colorization should be always
enabled (yes or all), never enabled (no or none) or
enabled only if the output is a terminal (tty).
The default is no.
EIGHTBIT yes|no
Specifies that eight-bit ISO 8859 characters should
be enabled by default. Can for compatibility rea
sons also be specified as 1 for yes or 0 for no.
The default is no.
OPTIONS options
Adds command line options to the default ls command
line. The options can be any valid ls command line
options, and should include the leading minus sign.
Please note that dircolors does not verify the
validity of these options.
NORMAL color-sequence
Specifies the color used for normal (non-filename)
text.
FILE color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a regular file.
DIR color-sequence
Specifies the color used for directories.
LINK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a symbolic link.
ORPHAN color-sequence
Specifies the color used for an orphanned symbolic
link (one which points to a nonexistent file). If
this is unspecified, ls will use the LINK color
instead.
MISSING color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a missing file (a
nonexistent file which nevertheless has a symbolic
link pointing to it). If this is unspecified, ls
will use the FILE color instead.
FIFO color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a FIFO (named pipe).
SOCK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a socket.
BLK color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a block device special
file.
CHR color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a character device
special file.
EXEC color-sequence
Specifies the color used for a file with the exe
cutable attribute set.
LEFTCODE color-sequence
Specifies the left code for non-ISO 6429 terminals
(see below).
RIGHTCODE color-sequence
Specifies the right code for non-ISO 6429 terminals
(see below).
ENDCODE color-sequence
Specifies the end code for non-ISO 6429 terminals
(see below).
*extension color-sequence
Specifies the color used for any file that ends in
extension.
.extension color-sequence
Same as *.extension. Specifies the color used for
any file that ends in .extension. Note that the
period is included in the extension, which makes it
impossible to specify an extension not starting
with a period, such as ~ for emacs backup files.
This form should be considered obsolete.
Most color-capable ASCII terminals today use ISO 6429
(ANSI) color sequences, and many common terminals without
color capability, including xterm and the widely used and
cloned DEC VT100, will recognize ISO 6429 color codes and
harmlessly eliminate them from the output or emulate them.
ls uses ISO 6429 codes by default, assuming colorization
is enabled.
ISO 6429 color sequences are composed of sequences of num
bers separated by semicolons. The most common codes are:
0 to restore default color
1 for brighter colors
4 for underlined text
5 for flashing text
30 for black foreground
31 for red foreground
32 for green foreground
33 for yellow (or brown) foreground
34 for blue foreground
35 for purple foreground
36 for cyan foreground
37 for white (or gray) foreground
40 for black background
41 for red background
42 for green background
43 for yellow (or brown) background
44 for blue background
45 for purple background
46 for cyan background
47 for white (or gray) background
Not all commands will work on all systems or display
devices.
ls uses the following defaults:
NORMAL 0 Normal (non-filename) text
FILE 0 Regular file
DIR 32 Directory
LINK 36 Symbolic link
ORPHAN undefined Orphanned symbolic link
MISSING undefined Missing file
FIFO 31 Named pipe (FIFO)
SOCK 33 Socket
BLK 44;37 Block device
CHR 44;37 Character device
EXEC 35 Executable file
A few terminal programs do not recognize the default prop
erly. If all text gets colorized after you do a directory
listing, change the NORMAL and FILE codes to the numerical
codes for your normal foreground and background colors.
If you have a color-capable (or otherwise highlighting)
terminal (or printer!) which uses a different set of
codes, you can still generate a suitable setup. To do so
you will have to use the LEFTCODE, RIGHTCODE, and ENDCODE
definitions.
When writing out a filename, ls generates the following
output sequence: LEFTCODE typecode RIGHTCODE filename END
CODE, where the typecode is the color sequence that
depends on the type or name of file. If the ENDCODE is
undefined, the sequence LEFTCODE NORMAL RIGHTCODE will be
used instead. The purpose of the left- and rightcodes is
merely to reduce the amount of typing necessary (and to
hide ugly escape codes away from the user). If they are
not appropriate for your terminal, you can eliminate them
by specifying the respective keyword on a line by itself.
NOTE: If the ENDCODE is defined in the global section of
the setup file, it cannot be undefined in a terminal-spe
cific section of the file. This means any NORMAL defini
tion will have no effect. A different ENDCODE can however
be specified, which would have the same effect.
To specify control- or blank characters in the color
sequences or filename extensions, either C-style \-escaped
notation, or stty-style ^-notation can be used. The C-
style notation includes the following characters:
\a Bell (ASCII 7)
\b Backspace (ASCII 8)
\e Escape (ASCII 27)
\f Form feed (ASCII 12)
\n Newline (ASCII 10)
\r Carriage Return (ASCII 13)
\t Tab (ASCII 9)
\v Vertical Tab (ASCII 11)
\? Delete (ASCII 127)
\nnn Any character (octal notation)
\xnnn Any character (hexadecimal notation)
\_ Space
\\ Backslash (\)
\^ Caret (^)
\# Hash mark (#)
Please note that escapes are necessary to enter a space,
backslash, caret or any control character anywhere in the
string, as well as a hash mark as the first character.
The default LEFTCODE and RIGHTCODE definitions, which are
used by ISO 6429 terminals are:
LEFTCODE \e[
RIGHTCODE m
The default ENDCODE is undefined.
dircolors(5), ls(1), stty(1), xterm(1)
/etc/dir_colors
System-wide configuration file for dircolors.
~/.dir_colors
Per-user configuration file for dircolors.
This page describes the dir_colors file format as found in
the fileutils-4.0 package; other versions may differ
slightly. Mail corrections and additions to aeb@cwi.nl.
Report bugs in the program to fileutils-
bugs@gnu.ai.mit.edu.
GNU fileutils 4.0 November 1998 5 | 
